Methods and tactics used to reduce gender and racial disparities in Essay

Techniques and strategies used to decrease sexual orientation and racial incongruities in detainment facilities.- CRJ - Essay Example Of late the inquiry about racial and sexual orientation incongruities in detainment facilities emerges all the more sometimes and seriously, calling to execute explicit instruments and strategies to reduce that wonder. Because of the measurement results African Americans and Hispanic culprits are bound to be indicted for lawful offense than white individuals (Hartney and Vuong, 2009). Likewise as a rule the sentences of dark individuals are longer. Divergence of capture rates between racial gatherings strikes and panics radically. Additionally, capital punishment among hued detainees is spread oftener than among white delinquents. Furthermore, there is a noteworthy imbalance among male and female paces of guiltiness. All referenced realities show the imbalance in legal framework concerning guilty parties of various races and sexual orientations. As indicated by expressed issue a few arrangements that are meant to diminish divergence can be suggested.

Duchenne Cerebral Essay

Duchenne Cerebral Essay Duchenne Cerebral Essay What Is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? What Is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? DMD is brought about by an adjustment in a quality liable for making the protein dystrophin, which keeps muscles solid and sound. This change is alluded to as a transformation. When there is a transformation in this quality, the protein dystrophin doesn't work. The muscle cells become powerless and they step by step separate. DMD as a rule influences young men; it is incredibly uncommon in young ladies. DMD is a dynamic illness. From the outset, the shortcoming is for the most part in the legs and hips. Those influenced fall every now and again, experience difficulty running and climbing steps, battle to get up from a sitting position and frequently stroll on their toes. They likewise create bigger than typical calves. In the end, the muscle shortcoming makes strolling progressively troublesome and a wheelchair is required. Steadily, all the muscles become powerless - including the heart muscle and the muscles utilized for relaxing. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an acquired issue brought about by a transformation in the quality that produces dystrophin. This change is passed down from mother to child in light of the fact that the dystrophin quality is situated on the X chromosome. On the off chance that the mother passes on a X chromosome with a modified dystrophin quality to her child, he will create DMD since he has just one duplicate of the X chromosome. Young ladies have two X chromosomes. At the point when they acquire the DMD transformation from their mom, they additionally acquire a typical duplicate of the DMD quality from their dad. That is the reason they don't build up the ailment. In any case, they might be bearers and give DMD to their children. Every day Life with DMD There is no fix yet for DMD. A sound way of life, exercise and drug can add to a superior personal satisfaction for those with the illness. Jonathan takes a steroid-based medicine called Deflazacort to help keep up his muscle quality. One of the reactions of steroidal drug and an absence of physical movement (because of wheelchair use) is lost calcium during the bones. This may expand the danger of breaks. Jonathan takes day by day portions of calcium, related to nutrient D, to keep his bones solid. Other potential medicines that may help with certain parts of DMD incorporate physiotherapy to help keep up right foot position, chiropractic medications, healthful enhancements and naturopathic arrangements. One of the difficulties that Jonathan's family needed to confront was adjusting Jonathan's condition to his needs. The neighborhood network administration focus

Define Scope with a Work Breakdown Structure Example

Define Scope with a Work Breakdown Structure Example Define Scope with a Work Breakdown Structure â€" Essay Example > 1 The need to achieve success in any given organization is a task that cannot be underestimated in any way. With today’s competitive global economic market, success in individual companies even surpasses the need to make more profits than in previous times (Luther, 2009). Today, it entails among other factors, the need to maintain existing customers, the need to win new customers, the need to have a better competitive advantage over co-competitors, and the need to grow in revenue. All these are tasks that would certainly not come on a silver platter. To achieve this successfully, there is the need for any given organization to be very proactive with devising innovative techniques that aim at addressing specific needs of customers (Tomhill, 2008). This is exactly what this project design seeks to achieve for the company. In this document, various ways of executing the long term strategic plan of the company by introducing an advanced form of existing engines has been outlined. As a document that outlines the specific ways of implementing the suggested ambition of the company, there are areas that address issues of the justification of the project, deliverables needed to accomplish the project, scope of the project, stakeholders to implement the project, specific objectives to be achieved, key assumptions and above all scope with work breakdown structure. A lot of the delivery task has been directed as an in-house system whereby the company is seeking to utilize the existence of its core human resource to execute preferred tasks. In the work breakdown structure all that the project encompasses is shown. The work breakdown structure is going to be really useful as “the Project Manager and project team use the Work Breakdown Structure to develop the project schedule, resource requirements and costs” (Project Management Documents, 2012). Fig 1.0 Detailed Work Breakdown Structure From the figure above it is seen that the project to be carried out is one that is going to be multi-dimensional. It shall entail the knowledge and effort of a lot of experts. Indeed, the idea to make the whole project multi-dimensional and guided by a specific work breakdown scope is against the backdrop that there is an ultimate aim of ensuring that the number of days that it takes in the production of a single engine is reduced drastically. This would ensure that there are more units of engines built for sale and revenue creation. REFERENCE LIST Luther T. A (2009). Economic Mastery in times of Global Crisis. Multimedia Press Limited: Chicago Project Management Documents (2012) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Template. Accessed April 11, 2012 from http: //www. projectmanagementdocs. com/templates/work-breakdown-structure-wbs. html Tomhill R. (2008). Innovation for new Economic Dispensation. Ultimate Press Limited: Cairo

Social Inequality Of Public Schools - 1812 Words

Social Inequality in Public School The subject of social inequalities in public schools affects all social classes and the learning experience by students coming from different social groups. A great curriculum taught by talented teachers can reduce inequality, helping students manage their learning skills and achieve their goals. It is said that most inequalities are recognized as race, gender, and class inequality, but let s start with â€Å"nested Inequalities† Jennifer L. Hochschild, Department of Government and Afro-American Studies Harvard University, writes, â€Å"the pattern of socioeconomic class differences in schooling outcomes indicates some of the causes for those differences that lie within the public realm, included are â€Å"nested inequalities† which cross boundaries of states, school districts, schools within a district, classes within a school, and sometimes separation within a class. Urban public schools demonstrate a particular set of problems that generate differential schooling outcomes by economic class. This also demonstrates ways in which class biases are closely entwined with racial and ethnic inequities. It concludes with the broad outlines of what would be necessary to reduce class (and racial) disparities in American public schools.† Other patterns of inequality in schools include â€Å"race inequality† African American, and Latino, in which race has been a long standing issue and is seemingly becoming less and obstacle in modernShow MoreRelatedSocial Class And Its Relevance1702 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen an ongoing debate about social class and its relevance in contemporary society. Marx’s social class theory was relating to man and his access to the means of production. He stated there are two classes the bourgeoisie, those who own the means of the production and the proletariat who only possess their labour power to sell ( Ollman, 1976). Pakulski and Waters argued that social is dead, due to changes in economic and social structures along with adaptions in social identity and belonging (1996)Read MoreThe Social Problems in Communities 1624 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social problems are undesirable conditions that relate to the way in which a majority of people in society perceive certain issues. Social problems may also be referred to social ills or issues. People from diverse communities may perceive social problems differently and have varied solutions to these issues (Stark, 2007). Social problems differ from personal problems where issues are dealt with at an individual level. On the other hand, social problems may destroy values held collectivelyRead More Increasing the Minimum Wage Will Reduce Income Inequality Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesCorzine Income inequality has been a major problem facing American society for decades, but has recently become a major concern. I personally believe the major gap between the income of the rich and poor is a not just, but is not a major concern for the government and society. If the Federal Government addresses other major concerns facing American citizens the inequality will be adjusted due to other changes. The government needs to step in and adjust minimum wage and public education. If theRead MoreU.s. Public Education System952 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. public education system contains tremendous inequality, much of which is maintained through the institution itself. We believe the system to be based on the principles of a strong work ethic and equal opportunity – key components of the dominant American ideology, which are in turn made reasonable by the schooling system. Furthermore, structural factors such as cumulative advantage, which explains how those who are successful gain additional success, offer an explanation for the inequalitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Educational Institution964 Words   |  4 Pageswhile growing up. Since social class is determined in large part by education, the effects of education carry forward into the rest of each person’s life even after they’ve long left the institution itself (Roy, lecture 10). In his lecture on the institution, Professor Roy adds that education allows for a path to social mobility while also reproducing inequalities. This paradox can be seen in both race and gender – albeit in varying degrees. Race is a perpetuated inequality in the educational institutionRead More Improving the Educational System Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesinterests, social and cultural background, gender, prior attainment or aspirations. 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In terms of functionalism every society does need a class stratification,Read MoreFinancial Capital And Cultural Capital859 Words   |  4 Pagesadvantages over those with low financial capital (349). Additionally, those with higher financial capital also tend to transfer greater cultural capital to their children. Specifically, wealthy individuals have access to quality education, healthcare, social networks and various other advantages denied to those with low financial capital. Among those advantages is cultural capital. According to the text, in opposition to their more affluent counterparts, â€Å"working-class mothers and fathers are moreRead MoreSocial Stratification : Australia A Study Of Structured Social Inequality1371 Words   |  6 Pagescauses of material inequality in Australia a study of structured social inequality must be conducted. This is known as stratification, an important element of macrosociology. ‘Social stratification refers to the systemic ways that groups of people are organised unequally within a broad social hierarchy.’ (Mayeda, 2007, p. 80) An important component of social stratification that is alluded to here by Mayeda is class. In this paper three of the main causes of material inequality in Australia will beRead MoreConsequences of Inequali ty and the Ways in Which are Reproduced628 Words   |  3 PagesInequality focuses upon the way that resources are distributed across the whole society. In this distribution there are significant differences for children who come from varying social backgrounds. The study of such differences or inequalities has become one of the main concerns of sociological research in education. Sociologists have also paid attention to the consequences of inequality, and the ways in which inequalities are reproduced and transmitted from generation to generation. The most

Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin Free Essays

In â€Å"Black Like Me† by John Howard Griffin identifies how conflict management greatly changes after he undergoes a drastic lifestyle change to discover the truth of how people are categorized by their skin color and not their own character. Griffin undergoes an experiment in order to allow him to study and elaborate on racial boundaries that still exist during the 1950†³s. Griffin, almost immediately realizes segregation and low self-esteem caused by the feeling of being hated due to the color of your skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conflict management in the book changes drastically after his pigment is changed and he is no longer part of a privileged white American society, and now he his part of a hated society due to physical differences that make them seem inferior to the dominate race. Griffin†s conflict management style greatly changes after he undergoes his experiment. At the beginning of his journey, he was very aggressive, and took things for granite such as eating in restaurants and using public facilities. After he changes his pigmentation it changes his conflict management due to what he is succumbed to because of the change in the variation of his skin color. The only conflict management skills he had were the ones he learned by watching others who were adapted to the Society. For instance, â€Å"blacks see themselves as inferior to whites because of the society they live in†. For example, † on the bus ride to Mississippi, Griffin encounters a man who black on the outside, and tries to think of himself as part of the white culture and hopes when he dies, the white part of his soul shall go to heaven†. Griffin conflict management is passive in the end only because he is observing and he doesn†t want to draw attention to himself, which might get him into trouble. Griffin†s conflict management is arbitrary because he is no longer what he was before the experiment and knows he is going to have to live like a black male for the rest of his natural life. How to cite Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin, Essay examples

Loss Of Humanity In 1984 Essay Research free essay sample

Loss Of Humanity In 1984 Essay, Research Paper Our humanity is every thing that makes us human ; our emotions, dreams, gender, sentiments and aspirations. If these were to be taken off, we would go inauspicious mutants of ourselves. That is what happens in George Orwell # 8217 ; s 1984. . In 1984, Orwell discusses the decrepitude of society under a totalitarian government. The loss of humanity in this novel has awful effects on society. The media used to pass on the hardships are relationships and gender and how their deformation affects the full emotional workings of society. In 1984, Oceanian society is without emotion and any true relationships. There is no true emotional or religious connexion between any two people. The party achieves that by destructing the footing of all human emotion and familiarity, which is love and matrimony. Love is forbidden in Oceanian society, and matrimonies are meaningless when it comes to intimacy. As Orwell puts it, # 8220 ; But a existent love matter was an about thinkable event. We will write a custom essay sample on Loss Of Humanity In 1984 Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; ( Orwell, 1984, 71 ) Marriage is merely a protocol to sublimate pro-creation. The matrimonies had to be approved by the party, and # 8220 ; permission was ever refused if the twosome concerned gave the feeling of being physically attracted to one another. The lone recognized intent of matrimony was to engender kids for the service of the Party. # 8221 ; ( Orwell, 68-69 ) The Party manipulated what is meant to be a sacred establishment of love between two people into a mere mill for production of embryo. Along with love and matrimony, the Party attempted the same with sex. # 8220 ; The Party was seeking to kill the sex inherent aptitude, or, if it could non be killed, so falsify it and soil it. # 8221 ; ( Orwell, 69 ) Sexual activity became similar matrimony, a vas for pro-creation. Harmonizing to the Party, sex was non supposed to be pleasureful but instead a undertaking to be done. Winston Smith # 8217 ; s married woman Katherine phrased it as # 8220 ; our responsibility to the Party. # 8221 ; Orwell describes sex between Winston and Katherine as mechanical and Platonic. # 8220 ; To encompass her was like encompassing a jointed wooden image. And what was strange was that even when she was clasping him against her he had the feeling that she was at the same time forcing him off with all her strength. The rigidness of her musculuss managed to convey that impression. # 8221 ; ( Orwell, 70 ) The usage of words like stiff and wooden farther conveys the sad province of sex in soci ety. The inclusion of pleasance in sex is what makes it human, as we are the lone species other than mahimahis who perform intercourse for pleasance. This absence makes the citizens of Oceania inhuman and comparable to any varmint. When Winston and Julia get together they try to get away from the Platonic sex created by Orwell through the party, and seek to accomplish confidant sex. However, no affair how hard they try, they can non accomplish it because the kernel of sex has been irreversibly distorted. On their first brush Winston still feels Platonic, as Orwell explains, But the truth was that he had felt no physical esthesis, except that of mere contact. All he felt were disbelief and pride. He was glad that this was go oning, but he had no physical desire.† ( Orwell, 126 ) At this point sex is a political act between Winston and Julia. He feels proud that he arising against the party, that he holding sex for pleasance, but the truth is that there is no pleasance. His desire for sex is merely a desire for rebellion, â€Å"Scores of times she had done it: he wished it had been hundreds-thousands. Anything that hinted a corruptness ever filled him with a wild hope.† ( Orwell, 131 ) Winston admits himself that his attractive force for Julia additions if she has slept with more work forces. The true drive force behind this brush was to want to arise against the party. Their full relationship is based on rebellion, and is non love as they call it. This is a wholly warped version of love and the closest Winston and Julia achieve. As their relationship returns, Winston and Julia # 8217 ; s brushs become a everyday process. They meet in Mr. Charrington # 8217 ; s room, have sex and so go forth. The sex that Winston experiences is less Platonic now, but he still motivated by the fact that he is making something that is uncommon and illicit now, but was accepted before the revolution. Winston seems to be stuck in universe of nostalgia seeking to retrieve the yesteryear through kids # 8217 ; s nursery rimes, journals, and conversation with old folks. The relationship with Julia and leasing out Mr. Charrington # 8217 ; s room is merely another effort to resuscitate the yesteryear that Winston is obsessed with. The past that Winston tries to retrieve is humanity that has been lost to the Party, nevertheless the harm is irreversible and Winston can non get away from this dehumanised and desensitized society that Orwell creates. As this society is desensitized and neuter, people are unable to organize any intimate relationships with each other to genuinely be friends or more. Winston and Julia s relationship is based on rebellion, something they portion ; citizens of Oceania Don T have any feelings to portion except the Hate that is shoved down their pharynxs. So like Winston and Julia, they don Ts have any true relationships. They don t truly care for each other. So when Syme, Winston s colleague disappears no 1 truly cares, Syme had vanished. A forenoon came, and he was losing from work: a few thoughtless people commented on his absence. On the following twenty-four hours cipher mentioned him. ( Orwell, 154 ) With cipher concerned, the province can easy do Syme vanish without any resistance, and do so with any single. Orwell uses Syme s disappearing to underscore the desensitized and dehumanised society. The devastation of emotions and relationships in 1984 exacerbates the horrid effects of such of totalitarian society. The concealed motives behind Winston and Julia s relationship of rebellion and its Platonic nature, combined with the nature of disappearings in Oceanian society demonstrate the devastation of emotion and relationships. Sexuality is tightly intertwined with emotions and relationships, and by falsifying that, Orwell shows the widespread mutants of it on each other, all coming together to take to a loss of the human kernel in society. 338

3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers

3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers 3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers 3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol When information is added to the main clause of a sentence to provide more detail, whether it is inserted directly or parenthetically, careful placement enhances comprehension. In each of the following sentences, modifying phrases are clumsily included. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and a revision demonstrates a solution. 1. Smith played Bozo the Clown from 1959 to 1970, a clown character particularly popular in the U.S. in the 1960s because of widespread franchising in television. This sentence’s subordinate clause, which describes Bozo the Clown, follows not that epithet but rather a range of years, but the proper syntactical location for such a modifying phrase is immediately after its referent: â€Å"From 1959 to 1970, Smith played Bozo the Clown, a clown character particularly popular in the U.S. in the 1960s because of widespread franchising in television.† 2. Jones admitted he was nervous after his botched skating routine. Here, the suggestion is that only after Smith finished the skating routine did he become nervous, but the intent of the sentence is to express that Smith’s state of nervousness before the routine contributed to his poor performance. The admission, not the nervousness, is what followed the routine, and the word order should clearly represent this fact: â€Å"Smith admitted after his botched skating routine that he had been nervous.† 3. Researchers found that face-to-face interactions contributed to a sense of well-being rather than contacts via computer. Here, the syntax represents a sense of well-being and contacts via computer as possible outcomes of face-to-face interactions, but it is face-to-face interactions and contacts via computer that contribute to a sense of well-being. To clarify the relationships between the three phrases, the two forms of communication must be mentioned consecutively in counterpoint, with the outcome clearly distinguished at the end of the sentence: â€Å"Researchers found that face-to-face interactions, rather than contacts via computer, contributed to a sense of well-being.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?36 Poetry Terms50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Your Journey is Yours

Your Journey is Yours â€Å"No one can build you the bridge on which you, and only you, must cross the river of life,†Ã‚  wrote the thirty-year-old Nietzsche. â€Å"The true and durable path into and through experience,†Ã‚  Nobel-winning poet Seamus Heaney counseled the young more than a century later in his magnificent commencement address,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"involves being true †¦ to your own solitude, true to your own secret knowledge.† To be nobody-but-yourself - in a world which is doing its best, night and day, to make you everybody else - means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight; and never stop fighting.  ~e. e. cummings What do all these quotes have in common? They are telling you that the most solid existence is one in which you are true to yourself. You decide who you want to be, and youre willing to strive to be the best of that sort of person. You decide the stories to write. You decide which worlds to fall into and define for readers. You determine the followers you wish to acquire as readers. You determine whether you self-publish or traditionally publish. You decide what youre willing to sacrifice to make a lot of money, or arent willing to sacrifice for the profession to take you over. Do not think that because some marketing program has sold itself to 10,000 writers, that you have to sign on, too. Do not think your books have to be in libraries if thats not your preference. Do not make appearances unless you want to. Screw Twitter if you dont like the lingo. But, and this is a big  but, you also must be willing to pay the price for whatever path you choose. Thats empowering and frightening at the same time. But that is the only way you can become successful . . . You do not have to be like anyone else, frankly. Like cummings basically says above, to be yourself without succombing to the temptation of advertising and hype, is far more difficult than  being a sheep. At the end of the road, how do you want to think of yourself when your journey is done? And trust me, its totally in your hands.

Human Genetic Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Genetic Diversity - Essay Example There are several stages of Meiosis. First one is prophase where homologous chromosomes start pairing and form synapses. Second stage is Metaphase where these pairs are situated on Metaphase plate. There are equal chances of receiving mother's or father's homologue for each chromosome. Independent assortment is a process where 2n daughter cells (combinations) is generated having maternal and paternal homologous pairs of chromosomes, where n being haploid number of the organism. In the case of humans, the haploid number (n) in the formula is 23. Thus, there is 223 (about 8 million) number of combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes possible. Crossing over is the process which happens in previous stage of prophase. In this process homologous chromosomes are paired together loosely along their length, resulting in generation of point of contact which is used for exchange of genetic information. This produces various combinations of maternal and paternal genes. Number of cross over events depends on size of chromosomes and position of their centromeres. In case of humans it is one to three on an average Fertilization is the process in which different gametes fuse together and form new organism of same spices.

Benchmarking Microarchitecture Using Software Research Paper

Benchmarking Microarchitecture Using Software - Research Paper Example 327). These are defined by many parameters such as the instructions set, the instruction encoding and the rules for using these instructions. Some of the rules are mnemonics addressing modes and functionality. The details at this level are invisible to the user. This is known as abstraction. The implementation of MIPS is borne on the platform of Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC). Validation and Verification Validation in system design is concerned with the confirmation that the goals set are the right ones. This is to enable the proper implementation of the project. Validation is usually done during several different stages of development. It is essential at each level because it ensures that the preceding level is valid before proceeding to the next one. Validation is achieved in different ways. In the micro architecture, use of test inputs and checking on the result is the most common way of validation and verifying the system. So, before the development of the I/O functions , an algorithm is used to test various features if the microsystem. The benchmark program checks for the validity of many features of the micro architecture and verifies some of the features (Patterson, p. 47). Some of these features of the microsystem are illustrated below. The benchmark program used generates a quadratic residue from the integer inputs used by the algorithm. This program checks for functionality of different features mostly in computation. This is because it is the most important feature of the design. The instruction that will be fed into the system will need to be computed consistently. This makes the feature the basis of the design. This computation results in the output of the residue problem used. The program can be altered by using different quadratic residue problems to check for consistency in the system. This is also good for checking the range of values that the program can accept as input and compute without crashing. This is vital because then the desi gners can tell whether the system can accept the range of inputs specified in the requirements. They can also check whether it will need reprogramming. During this kind of testing, sometimes, wrong inputs are put to check how the system will react to them. The system should be able to handle wrong inputs without devastating consequences that will lead to system failure. The users are likely to enter wrong inputs from time to time and their handling should be factored in the design. The use of an 8-bit feedback register shows that the system has functionality for feedback. Feedback is described as the process where the system uses the output generated from a process as input for the same or a similar process. This is common in scenarios where complex computations are performed. These computations require the output of a process to be used as input. If this value has not been generated correctly, the system is likely to encounter an error. This is another feature, which is checked by the system. The application of this feedback is handled using a register. There are several other methods used for feedback systems such as logic circuits, but they are all used interchangeably. The program also has an increment functionality. This functionality is used to increase the value in the counter. The counter has many uses in the system, but is mostly utilized in checking the number of times a program performs a certain function. The increment functions increase the value

Impact Of The Renaissance in Europe Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impact of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Renaissance on Europe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacob Burckhardt best describes the renaissance as the prototype of the modern world, for it was the period between the fourteenth and fifteenth century in Italy, when the base of modern civilisation was formed. It was mainly through the revival of ancient learning that new scientific values first began to overthrow traditional religious beliefs. People started to accept a new rational and objective approach to reality and most important of all to rediscover the importance of the individual. The result in Burckhardt words, was the release of the’ full whole nature of man’. However the Renaissance biggest contribution was the way different important individuals through their logical revelations managed to diminish the power of the Catholic Church. (Craig, Graham, Kagan, Ozment, Turner; The heritage of world civ; pg.493-494)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Medieval Europe before the Renaissance had been a fragmented feudal society with an agriculturally based economy, and its culture and dominated by the Church. After the fourteenth century was characterised by the growing national consciousness and political centralisation based on organised commerce and capitalism, along with the secular control of thought and culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was in Italy from around the time 1375 to the sack of Rome (1527) that the distinctive features and impacts of the renaissance era are revealed. (Internet 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Italy having a geographic advantage, laying in the centre of the commerce between the east and west. Due to this fact rich and urban cities were formed in Italy. There started to be more Italian cities than there were people in them. Trade monopolies were formed to ensure profitability of trade and manufacturing, but only those with sufficient capital could engage in either. For example, in Florence 10% of the families controlled 90% of the wealth. These wealthy families established power over these city-states (ju... ...Yet there has never been a controversial or important than Niccolo Machiavelli’s The prince. It’s vivid prose being-â€Å" Men must either be pampered or crushed â€Å" – has not stopped readers through the centuries devouring its every aspect. With Machiavelli begins the science of politics. (Internet 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another development was the perfection of the art of diplomacy. Constant warfare between city-states was aimless, and by the end of the fourteenth century city-states began the practice of keeping resident ambassadors at the major seats of power. At the same time this improved communication and provided leaders with accurate information about friends and enemies. Diplomacy became both an offensive and defensive weapon. (Kishlansky, Geary, O’Brien; Civ in the west; pg. 340) I would like to conclude with mentioning that Renaissance artists and philosophers did more than construct, adorn buildings or write books. Inevitably their work expressed ideals and the way their society worked. The emphasis was more upon the here and now rather than the hereafter; and most importantly, upon humanity and its capacity for growth and perfection.

Effect smoking has on our society Essay

Smoking cigarettes have been determined to be responsible for the premature death of over 400,000 people each year in the United States. It has been described as the single most preventable disease today. This paper will cover a basic overview of the history of smoking, advertising, health findings, and legal liability realized from cigarette manufactures. The current trends and laws concerning the use of tobacco will also be addressed. Most of us know that George Washington was America’s first President of the United States. This is common knowledge and still taught today in public schools. However, one of the more astonishing facts that is generally not discussed is that George Washington inherited an enormous tobacco plantation that was comprised of 10,000 acres of land as well as approximately 50 slaves who were transported to the Americas from Africa. Because of the rising prices of tobacco in the 1730’s, George Washington at the age of 21 was one of the wealthiest men in Virginia. (Badertscher, 2005, p.2). Could this have been one of the first accounts that sociologist Karl Marx (1818-1883) assessed when formulating his theory of social conflict. In the example of George Washington and his tobacco plantation, capitalism and the alienation that it produced among its slaves, who were tirelessly working in the tobacco fields was rampant during that time and also making George Washington a very rich man. The popularity of smoking in the 1700’s would continue to grow for the next 200 years in the United States. Along with this path little if any regulation from our government would follow. Because of the addictive qualities that are a part of the cigarette and its tobacco, our society would slowly and unknowingly become addicted. Many years would go by and by the beginning part of the twentieth century; cigarette manufacturers such as RJ Reynolds and Philip Morris were spending over 8 million dollars in advertising each year. By the 1920’s tobacco and cigarette consumption was taking hold in the United States. Cigarette smoking was not only common, but it was increasingly being more fashionable. Originally gender stratification provided that is was unbecoming or a private matter at best that woman would be cigarette smokers. Yet in advertising, pretty woman were often used and eventually once tobacco giants realized that woman were also an enormous market share, their creativeness and opportunist as a capitalist took hold. During the 1920’s, Lucky Strike, a leader in striking tobacco claims finally went right after the female with no regard of gender bias. One of their famous campaign slogans, â€Å"Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet† instantly played on the ability of a woman to stay thin by asserting the benefits of smoking a cigarette as an appetite suppressant.(Gardner, 2006, p.222-224). Unsubstantiated claims were common, by the 1940’s, an advertising agency by the name of , the William Esty Company worked exclusively for R.J Reynolds, here they developed their own surveys, often giving out free cartons of cigarettes to their newest spokespeople, doctors. Here they employed a gallant tactic. Because of the fact that so many people smoked cigarettes, including doctors, the cigarette companies went for the most trusted people of that time. For the next 6 years, beginning in 1946, their memorable slogan would read, â€Å"More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette† They listed this as fact and claim to survey thousands of doctors, it would be discovered that these questionnaires would always include a free supply of cigarettes to the respondents. (Gardner, 2006, p. 224-225) By the beginning of 1950, the health concerns from smoking tobacco could no longer go unnoticed. Consequently, cigarette makers would stop picturing doctors in their advertisements, but next they would include the likes of celebrities, such as sports figures and movie stars. In 1961, several groups including the American Cancer Society and the American Heart Association wrote President John F. Kennedy and asked that the United States Government take an active role in measuring the health consequences of using tobacco. Several years later in 1964, the Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service released the first report on tobacco smoking and related issues concerning a smoker’s health. The findings showed that cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer in men, the most important cause of chronic bronchitis and a probable cause of cancer in woman. The Surgeon General also stipulated that every year a new report would be released. (Terry, 1964). Next, the United States Congress would enact the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 and also the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969. Cigarette makers would now be required to put a health warning on the side of a cigarette package, warning the users of its dangers. It also for the first time put certain restrictions on the types of advertising that cigarette manufactures could employ. (cite) As an example of sociological evolution, computer technology would allow for a vast amount of statistics to compile. During this same period, data was showing a huge number of premature deaths and exclusive illnesses directly related to tobacco users. Conversely, cigarette manufactures were able to more closely follow their target market. The television would eventually be eliminated as a method of advertising, however the magazine, radio, internet and United States Postal service would allow for a huge audience of smokers and future smokers to be reached. Now fast forward to the 1990’s, and by 1998 the Center for disease control and prevention (CDC) the United States governments â€Å"official† fact finder determined by using a basic two question survey as their research method, that there were 47.2 million adult smokers which represented 24% of the population. During this same time period, from the years of 1995-1999, figures and estimates were showing that 440,000 people were dying prematurely each year due to smoking. Hospital and health care costs were skyrocketing. Liability was becoming a costly issue for the cigarette giants. (Leverett, 2002, p. 88). 13 states brought immense lawsuits against the cigarette manufactures and eventually won in a landmark settlement in 1998. The settlement involved medical expenses incurred by smokers, insurance companies, workers compensation and Medicare costs. It would include payments to each of the 13 states until the year 2025 to the sum of 196 billion dollars.(Coller, 2002,p.984) Tobacco usage is by far not limited to the United States. To best explain its usage today is to reveal the number of deaths attributed to smoking on a worldwide level. World-wide each year over 5 million people will die from cigarette smoking and estimates that 10 million deaths per year is possible by the year 2025. It is also estimated that if cigarette consumption continues matched with new emerging markets. That by 2030, one human being will die every four seconds from the negative effects of cigarette smoking. (Tomlinson, 1997, p. 3). Cigarette manufacturers are still entering new markets throughout the world today. As of 2010, Phillip Morris International has their product available for sale in 160 countries. In the near future, small developing countries such as, South Korea and Vietnam will also be captive to this epidemic situation and will eventually be included in dark future statistics. Because of the extreme danger and liability concerns, secondhand smoke is now another area of contention. Secondhand smoke is defined as a mixture of side stream smoke from the end of a burning cigarette and exhaled mainstream smoke.(Jarvie, 2008,p. 2140) It has also been identified that secondhand smoke causes lung cancer, respiratory tract injury, and heart disease. Over 50 carcinogens have been recognized in secondhand smoke.(Malone, 2008, 2145) The American Lung Association has compiled an enormous data bank of information concerning the devastating statistics with tobacco use of American citizens. There are 443,000 deaths each year that are attributed to smoking tobacco. In 2004, it was determined that smoking cost the U.S. nearly 193 billion dollars. This included 96 billion dollars in health care costs and 97 billion dollars lost in productivity. This amounts to $4,260 per year, per adult smoker. (CDCP, 2004). It has been determined that cigarettes contain over 4,800 different chemicals and 69 of them are known to cause cancer. Chronic lung disease accounts for 73 percent of smoking related conditions. It has been determined that smokers die at a faster rate than non-smokers. On average a smoker’s life is shortened by 13.2 years for an adult male and 14.5 years for an adult woman. (CDCP 2006). Statistics are meaningless when it comes to measuring the level of pain and discomfort that a person will experience by smoking regularly for a lengthy period of time. The list goes on for painful, serious diseases caused by smoking tobacco, as most smokers will not experience instant death. The diseases caused by smoking include; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this includes chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, coronary heart disease, stroke, abdominal acute aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, pneumonia, periodontitis, and bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, throat, cervical, kidney, stomach and pancreatic cancers. (Surgeon general 2004). Workplaces throughout the United States are going smoke free to provide clean indoor air and protecting employees from life threatening effects of second hand smoke. Nearly 70 percent of the U.S. work force worked under a smoke free policy in 1999. (Gibson, 2001). Finally in June of 2009, 45 years after the 1964 Surgeon Generals first report on the hazards of cigarette smoking, President of the United States Barack Obama signed the Tobacco Control Act. This gives the Food and Drug Administration the authority to regulate and control tobacco. It does not give them the authority to ban cigarettes or remove nicotine all together. They are still evaluating whether or not they will reduce the amounts of nicotine in cigarettes. They are also granted the power to regulate advertising and the promotion of tobacco in the United States, which to include the possibility of graphic pictures and labeling on the package of cigarettes. (FDA cite) Today 165 countries have signed on to the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The treaty joins these countries to adopt current and future policies regarding and limiting the use of tobacco. As well as enforcing tighter control on advertising and packaging of tobacco. (Tynan, 2010, p3). As a result of the alarming numbers and data showing the ill effects of cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke, governments are starting to wake up and fight back at these large wealthy cigarette manufactures. The Australian High Court has upheld one of the world’s toughest tobacco rules. Once again after lengthy court battles between the giant cigarette manufactures and the Australian government, new cigarette labeling laws has gone into effect at the time of this writing. Beginning December 2012, the court has paved the right for extreme restrictive cigarette package labeling to go into effect. Cigarette packs in Australia now must display graphic images of mouth cancer, diseased lungs and gangrenous limbs. In addition, brand logos are banned and these graphic images dominate the entire package. British American Tobacco, Imperial Tobacco, Japan Tobacco, and Philip Morris International had all argued that a ban on brand logos would infringe on their intellectual property rights. The High Court of Australia rejected their argument. Now industry analysts feel that this may propel other countries to follow suit with this type of restrictive labeling. The ruling was welcomed by Australian officials, with hopes to drive cigarette sales down even further, coupled with the extremely high taxation already imposed on the sale of tobacco in Australia. Today smokers in Australia spend on average, $16.80 (us dollars) on one pack of cigarettes. The new law will require health warnings to cover 75 percent of the front of the cigarette package and cover 90 percent of the back of the package. According to the Australian Cancer Council, as of 2010, smoking rates have declined, but still remain at 16.4 percent among adult men and 13.9 percent among adult women. In the U. S., the figures from the Center for Disease Control show the smoking rate to be 21.5 percent for adult men and 17.3 percent for adult women.(Siegal, 2012). Also this year in the Ukraine, all advertising including, television, radio, print, internet, coupons, even advertising on the counter at a point of sale is banned. (Target, 2012,p1) While these two markets are comparably small in size, the message that is being sent to the cigarette manufacturer and to the world is enormous. By representing the best interest of the non-addicted citizen, governments are finally starting to stand up, take action and force the issue. It appears that these types of small countries are at least willing to interact and negotiate with the giant lobbyist’s that are so commonly found in giant governments like the United States of America. Finally in the United States, individual states are establishing smoking restrictions in public spaces and public buildings. Today over 70% of the United States population is represented by some type of smoking regulation in public spaces. (cite) After many failed attempts at passing substantial legislation limiting the locations where cigarette smokers can smoke cigarettes, the state of Indiana in July of 2012 has enacted a new no smoking policy throughout the state in regard to public buildings. Smoking is now prohibited in all public spaces, including retail establishments and restaurants. Concessions had to be made to casino and bars as the state predicted tax revenue could drop nearly 190 million dollars per year by not allowing people to smoke here. While a major argument was for the betterment of workplace safety, last minute provisions were included to allow smoking in nursing homes and fraternal clubs located throughout the state. (cite in.gov) Constantly big tobacco companies are still grabbing headlines in today’s newspapers. This past week on November 30, 2012, a federal judge has ordered tobacco companies to publish statements that require them to publicly admit that they had repeatedly lied to the public about the known dangers of smoking and that they disclose the known health effects, including the death on average of 1,200 people per day. U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler previously has said she wanted the cigarette industry to pay for corrective advertisements. But know the judge is laying out what she wants the cigarette giants to say. Each advertisement is to include a statement from the defendant tobacco companies that says, â€Å"Deliberately deceived the American public about the health effects of smoking.† The required statements are to include,†That smoking kills more people than murder, AIDS, suicide, drugs, car crashes and alcohol combined†. Also, â€Å"That secondhand smoke kills over 3,000 Americans each year.† These corrective statements are part of a case the government initiated in 1999. Judge Kessler ruled on that case in 2006 that the nation’s largest cigarette makers hid the dangers of smoking for decades from the public and that she wanted the smoking industry to pay for corrective advertising. The Justice Department proposed most of the legal wording and worked in conjunction with Judge Kessler. Kessler went on to write, â€Å"That all findings are based on factual evidence that was proven by a court of law†. She goes to say, â€Å"The court has made a number of explicit findings that the tobacco companies perpetuated fraud and deceived the public regarding the addictiveness of cigarettes and nicotine. A spokesperson for the nation’s biggest tobacco company, Philip Morris USA, said they were studying the court’s decision and that they had no further comment. The unfortunate part of this story is that, the ending is not here. This case had begun in 1999 and nearly fourteen years later, the cigarette conglomerates are still managing to attempt to skirt these horrendous issues. Today there are many tools and opportunities to help a person stop smoking. There are seven different medications approved by the FDA to help a person quit smoking. The nicotine patch, nicotine gum, and nicotine lozenges are available as over the counter medicine. A nasal spray and inhaler are available by prescription. Name brand prescription such as Zyban and Chantix are non-nicotine pills that can also be used to help stop smoking. A national help program, 1-800-QUIT-NOW, can be accessed anywhere in the United States and is a free program sponsored by individual states and the Department of Health and Human Services. They offer new personal innovative tools to help individuals stop smoking, and include free counseling and free nicotine patches. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug, which when inhaled reaches the brain faster than drugs that enter the body intravenously. Quitting smoking usually takes multiple attempts. If someone is serious about stopping smoking, here is a valuable service to extend those possibilities. We teach our children about the Presidency of the United States. It includes our first President George Washington, a story about a cherry tree, and a maybe even more propaganda, that he could not tell a lie. Nowhere is there a mention of his greatest truth. He was one of our forefathers of tobacco. Then followed almost 300 years, mixed with another great giant of America, which is capitalism. What comes next is a society that is heavily addicted to cigarette smoking and unquestionably very sick from the dangers of over 4,800 chemicals that are comprised of the cigarette. When people become addicted to something that is more powerful than them and unable to stop it from continuing, they then develop defense mechanisms that prevent themselves from seeing the truth. September 11, 2001 was a day where U.S. soil became a target of terrorist attacks, and a day that will never be forgotten. A sad remembered day when 2,996 people perished. In the next 12 months, there will be 443,000 more people who will die, this time from the negative effects of cigarette smoking. This is equivalent to the United States of America having an attack on United States soil every two and a half days, and counting. References Badertscher, Eric. (2005) George Washington. Great Neck Publishing. Retrieved on September 28, 2012 from Ebscohost database. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/ Coller, Maribeth. (2002) Evaluating the Tobacco Settlement Damages: Too Much or Not Enough. American Journal of Public Health. Retrieved on September 28, 2012 From Proquest database. http://search.proquest.com.allstate.1bproxy. Gardner, Martha. (2006). The Doctor’s Choice is America’s Choice. American Journal Of Public Health. Retrieved on September 18, 2012 from Proquest data base. Indiana Ok’s Smoking Smoking Ban. (2012). Retrieved on September 16, 2012 from http://www.In.gov/legislative/bills/2012/he/he1149.l.html Jarvie, Jill. (2008). Children’s Secondhans Smoke Exposure in Private Homes and Cars. American Journal of Public Health. 2140-5. Retrieved on September 20, 2012 From Proquest Database. Leverett, Michelle. (2002). Tobacco Use: The Impact of Prices. The Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics. Retrieved on September 26, 2012 from Proquest database. Plain Cigarette Packs in Australia. (2012) The Lancet Journal. Retrieved on September 28, 2012 from Proquest database. Tobacco expands their Epidemic of Death. (2011). Elsvier Limited. Retrieved on September 28, 2012 from Proquest database. Tobacco Products and Advertising is Banned in Ukraine. (2012). Targeted News Service. Retrieved on September 24, 2012 from Proquest database. Tomlinson, Richard. (1997) Smoking Death Toll Shifts to Third World. British Medical Journal. Retrieved on September 28, 2012 from Proquest database. Tynan, Martha. (2010). Current Opportunities in Tobacco Control. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Retrieved on September 26, 2012 from Proquest databas

The Relationship Between State and Church Essay - 901 Words

Every person has the human right to engage in worship during public forums. Thus every person has the right to pray in school. When prayer was still allowed in school crime was at a low rate. Basically there was less crime everywhere. We consider the good ole days when basic morals were taught at home. When the difference between right and wrong was enforced. When family and religion was considered the most valuable and precious things to have. Now look at the mess we have created. Children look up to their parents, and when parents dont enforce values at home, they seek to learn elsewhere. We now live in a world where parents are too busy with their jobs to be concerned with their main priority; children. Some children even skip†¦show more content†¦Our form of safety has hit hell and bounced back to what we now call our proper and fit government. We are not even sure we are safe in our own homes. People are dropping bombs on us faster than we can regain our social struc ture. Times have become unconstitutional. Children are now growing up in days where they have no concept of how they should live their lives, therefore they have not a guilty bone in their body. Having no conscience is usual for children and young adults now. They merely find it as another way to nuke the government. Such as saying they are emotionally unstable and in need of welfare money because they simply cannot work. This seems absolutely outrageous, yet this is very common. Our world is going downhill at a faster rate then ever before. We have no motive for crime, but we consider it as a choice because it may bring something better to the table. We, as a whole world, have more motive to do wrong to another, with no morals embedded in our brains. The question is why? Why no worship in schools? If we can solve all this chaos by simply letting our children learn the word of God or faith of a religion, and it will better them as well as the world, why not? The answer is simple, Church and State. Its a political and legal doctrine that states government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. This has been adopted by many countries, yet is it the best solution? Hardly not. It all started in aShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Church And The State1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship between the Church and the State is a controversial topic that sparks great political discourse. Since the period of the Great Reformation in Europe to the contemporary religious and political establishments, suspicion and dishonesty continue to define the relationship between the Church and political leadership in the society. 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However, the decline of baptisms, increases in world population, and a diminishing influence upon culture have captured the attention of leaders across denominational boundaries and force aRead More Separation of Church and State is Necessary for Freedom of Choice855 Words   |  4 PagesSeparation of Church and State is Necessary for Freedom of Choice We in America have the right to be free, so why not listen to the words of Thomas Jefferson and build a â€Å"wall of separation between church and state?†Ã‚   The wall of separation was Jefferson’s interpretation of the first amendment; however, the idea was actually founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams’.   Jefferson’s belief was that religion was a personal relationship strictly between a man and his God and the government should not

The Great Depression Was An Awful Time Essay - 1722 Words

Franklin Roosevelt once said, â€Å"True individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence. People who are hungry and out of a job are the stuff of which dictatorships are made.† There was a lot of ideals that went into making the New Deal how it was. One ideal that played a factor was that fact that people that were affected by the Great Depression feared they were honestly going to starve to death due to different factors that contributed to The Great Depression. Another ideal was the fact that there was inequality in the 1920s and most people could not participate in the economic boom. Workers wages were way too low. The last main ideal that went into the The Deal was the fact that there was a lack of purchasing power. The Great Depression was an awful time and it was hard for the President to try and meet everyone’s needs. The Great Depression was started because inequality was prevalent in the 1920’s. Most people did not participate in the economic 1920’s boom, because a lot of worker’s wages were too low for them to afford it. Immigrants, outsiders, wealthy/greedy people all contributed to The Great Depression. The first major ideal that went into making the New Deal was how scared people were during this time. Everyone was on their own and trying to fight for their lives and their families lives. â€Å"The first thing that should be done is stop immigration. Let the other countries take care of their own un-employed† (McElvaine 44). This working manShow MoreRelatedWriting Styles of Sylvia Plath Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesof the twentieth century, Sylvia Plath’s writing was influenced largely by her depression and mental illness. I found it rather interesting that her life began during The Great Depression and that from a young girl at the age of eight she was suffering and battling her own personal depression. 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The Cicc and Giwg Brief - 883 Words

The CICC and GIWG Brief Advising and providing recommendations to the U.S. Attorney General on issues like advanced usage of technology, requirements, and cooperation between intelligence agencies is charged to the Criminal Intelligence Coordinating Council (CICC) and the Global Intelligence Working Group (GIWG). Working in concert, the CICC and the GIWG advocates for local police force agencies in the development and communicating of criminal intelligence to promote public safety and our Nation’s security. The recognition by the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan (NCISP) of the prominence of the state, local, and tribal law enforcement (SLTLE) are vital ingredients concerning our country’s intelligence process. In order to†¦show more content†¦(Carter, 2009) The regulatory principles the NCISP contained is an essential requirement and goal identified by the GIWG and assured it is institutionalized all over the law enforcement community nationwide. Inf ormation sharing supported by joint communications networks and systems work will function as a virtual only communications capability. Recognized and recommended by the GIWG as it is a means of overcoming geographical distances, better operations security for communications and investigations support, and the transfer and access of information are assured. (â€Å"The National Criminal Intelligence Plan,† 2003). The most efficient and effective tool used to develop intelligence products is the intelligence fusion concept. This idea caught on rapidly. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has a far-reaching mission and a substantial funding budget, the GIWG recognized the benefits of standardization. This effort would produce better work quality by the fusion centers and is ensured by the creation of the Fusion Center Guidelines by the GIWG. The Guidelines primarily focused on criminal information, additionally law enforcement and the private sector attention to the information-sharing relationship is given. The focus included how public safety relates to homeland security intelligence. The goal of the fusion process is to involve as many law enforcement agencies in the information-sharing process as possible. The most competent means in

War Poetry Free Essays

Modern History Sourcebook: World War I Poetry: Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967):†How to Die† Link to Collected Poems [At Columbia] Wilfred Owen (1893-1918):†Anthem for a Doomed Youth† Link to Collected Poems [At Toronto] Wilfred Owen: â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† Herbert Read (1893-1968): â€Å"The Happy Warrior† W. N. Hodgson (1893-1916): â€Å"Before Action† Wilfred Gibson (1878-1962) â€Å"Back† Link to Collected Poems [At Columbia] Philip Larkin (1922-1985): â€Å"MCMXIV† Link to Poems [At Hooked. We will write a custom essay sample on War Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now net] Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967) â€Å"How to Die† Dark clouds are smouldering into red While down the craters morning burns. The dying soldier shifts his head To watch the glory that returns; He lifts his fingers toward the skies Where holy brightness breaks in flame; Radiance reflected in his eyes, And on his lips a whispered name. You’d think, to hear some people talk, That lads go West with sobs and curses, And sullen faces white as chalk, Hankering for wreaths and tombs and hearses. But they’ve been taught the way to do it Like Christian soldiers; not with haste And shuddering groans; but passing through it With due regard for decent taste. Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) â€Å"Anthem for a Doomed Youth† What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? -Only the monstrous anger of the guns. Only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle Can patter out their hasty orisons. No mockeries for them from prayers or bells, Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs,- The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells; And bugles calling for them from sad shires. What candles may be held to speed them all? Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbyes. The pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall; Their flowers the tenderness of silent minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds. Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est â€Å" Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs And towards our distant rest began to trudge. Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind. Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! — An ecstasy of fumbling, Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; But someone still was yelling out and stumbling And flound’ring like a man in fire or lime . . . Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, As under I green sea, I saw him drowning. In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. If in some smothering dreams you too could pace Behind the wagon that we flung him in, And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin; If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, — My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. Herbert Read (1893-1968) â€Å"The Happy Warrior† His wild heart beats with painful sobs, His strin’d hands clench an ice-cold rifle, His aching jaws grip a hot parch’d tongue, His wide eyes search unconsciously. He cannot shriek. Bloody saliva Dribbles down his shapeless jacket. I saw him stab And stab again A well-killed Boche. This is the happy warrior, This is he†¦ W. N. Hodgson (1893-1916) â€Å"Before Action† By all the glories of the day And the cool evening’s benison, By that last sunset touch that lay Upon the hills where day was done, By beauty lavisghly outpoured And blessings carelessly received, By all the days that I have lived Make me a solider, Lord. By all of man’s hopes and fears, And all the wonders poets sing, The laughter of unclouded years, And every sad and lovely thing; By the romantic ages stored With high endeavor that was his, By all his mad catastrophes Make me a man, O Lord. I, that on my familiar hill Saw with uncomprehending eyes A hundred of Thy sunsets spill Their fresh and sanguine sacrifice, Ere the sun swings his noonday sword Must say goodbye to all of this;– By all delights that I shall miss, Help me to die, O Lord. Wilfred Gibson (1878-1962) â€Å"Back† They ask me where I’ve been, And what I’ve done and seen. But what can I reply Who know it wasn’t I, But someone just like me, Who went across the sea And with my head and hands Killed men in foreign lands†¦ Though I must bear the blame, Because he bore my name. Philip Larkin (1922-1985) â€Å"MCMXIV† Those long uneven lines Standing as patiently As if they were stretched outside The Oval or Villa Park, The crowns of hats, the sun On moustached archaic faces Grinning as if it were all An August Bank Holiday lark; And the shut shops, the bleached Established names on the sunblinds, The farthings and sovereigns, And dark-clothed children at play Called after kings and queens, The tin advertisements For cocoa and twist, and the pubs Wide open all day; And the countryside not caring The place-names all hazed over With flowering grasses, and fields Shadowing Domesday lines Under wheats’ restless silence; The differently-dressed servants With tiny rooms in huge houses, The dust behind limousines; Never such innocence, Never before or since, As changed itself to past Without a word–the men Leaving the gardens tidy, The thousands of marriages Lasting a little while longer: Never such innocence again. How to cite War Poetry, Essay examples

Value of a SWOT Analysis for Amazon.com †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Value of a SWOT Analysis for Amazon. Answer: Introduction and Background to the company Amazon.com,Inc, headquartered in Seattle, Washington, is essentially an American electronic commerce as well as a cloud computing corporation operating in the online shopping industry. Amazon, the tech giant is essentially the largest internet based retailer in the entire in terms of the total sales as well as market capitalization (Amazon.com 2017). Current Market: According to current industry reports, Amazon is a leading e-retailer in the United States that is close to US$ 136 billion during 2016 in terms of net sales. During the first quarter of the year 2016, the e-retailer essentially declared over and above 310 million dynamic customer accounts worldwide (Amazon.com 2017). Owing to the global scope of the company Amazon, it can be said that this company is one of the most valuable brands of the world. Product Lines: The products and services provided by the American organisation Amazon are as follows: -Retail Goods (customer electronics, DVDs, CDs, food products, baby products, heath as well as personal care items, industrial as well as scientific supplies, jewellery, musical instruments, automotive goods and many others. In addition to this, Amazon also has amazon.com Auctions that is essentially a web auction service. Furthermore, the company also launched AmazonFresh that is necessarily a grocery service offering perishable as well as non-perishable foods (Amazon.com 2017). In addition to this, Amazon also declared the launch of Vine.com for purchasing green products, counting groceries, household items as well as apparel. Amazon also offers certain exclusive services such as Amazon Prime that is a membership offering free two day shopping within the contiguous United States on all eligible procurements. Amazon also launched Kindle in the year 2007, an e reader under the product section customer electronics (Amazon.com 2017). Apart from this, Amazon introduced the digital conte nt (Amazon app system, Amazon Payments, e-books and many others), Amazon Games, Amazon Art, Amazon Video, Amazon Drive, Private Labels as well asexclusive marketing arrangements, Amazon Studios, Amazon Web Services, Amazon Local and Amazon Wireless among many others. SWOT Table Strength - Presence of strong background and availability of deep pockets- based on the early successes with books, Amazon now has different product categories that take into account electronics, toys, games, home, brown goods as well as white goods among many others. - Customer orientation- The robust customer relationship management system of the company Amazon has developed customer oriented processes in a bid to record specific data on buying behaviour of customers (Kotler et al. 2016). This helps in offering individual items, associated items, bundles based on preferences studies through previous purchases or else items visited (Amazon.com 2017). - -Cost Leadership: In a bid to differentiate, the management of the corporation has effectively developed different strategic alliances with other corporations to offer superior customer service (Goworek and McGoldrick 2015). - Efficient Delivery Network: With different strategic partners and owing to its Amazon fulfilment centres, Amazon has generated a deep as well as structured network of distribution in a bid to make the product available at remote locations. - GLOCAL Strategy: By way of utilization of the Go global and act local strategy, Amazon has effectively fought with the domestic e-commerce corporations by means of absorbing and by forming with supply chain corporations (Armstrong et al. 2015). - Acquisitions: Acquisition of corporations such as Zappos.com, IMBD.com and Junglee.com has proved to be successful as well as a revenue generating step for the e-commerce giant (Amazon.com 2017). Weakness - Shrinking Margins: Owing to extensive delivery network as well as price wars, the margins of Amazon are shrinking, that is directing to losses (Hollensen 2015). - Tax Avoidance Issue: Amazon has attracted negative publicity on account of Tax Avoidance in nations such as U.S as well as U.K. Majority of the revenue is generated from different well established and traditional markets. - High level of debt: In different developing nations, the company Amazon is still striving to make the business profitable. This in turn can affect the overall profitability of the entire group leading to high level of debt (Foxall 2014). - Product Flops: The company Amazon launched the fire phone in the market of U.S, that turned to be a bog flop. In addition to this, Kindle fire also failed to pick up as intensely as Kindle did. This, several number of flop products created a dent in the pockets of Amazon (Amazon.com 2017). Opportunity - Backward Integration- Amazon introduced several in-house brands in diverse product categories. This also has helped the company to differentiate their offering and make profits in highly competitive e-commerce markets (Kotler et al. 2014). - Global Expansion: Expansion primarily in Asian as well as developing economies can help Amazon as there are several markets with low competition industries and are not saturated as the developed economies. - Introduction of physical stores outside U.S- By introducing physical stores outside U.S, Amazon successfully engaged with the brand, leading to increase in repeat purchases and increase in the base of the overall customer base. Threat - Low barriers of entry in the industry- Low barriers of entry affect the present players of the business since more and more corporation implies tough competition, stiff price wars, shrinking margins as well as losses leading to questioning of the sustainability of all the players (Miquel-Romero et al. 2014). - Government regulations: There is lack of clarity on different issues associated to the FDI in diverse multi brand retail. This can prove to be a big hurdle in the success of the e-commerce players in different developing countries (Amazon.com 2017). - Local Competition: There are several local players that acquire bites from the overall market share, thereby, making it hard for a big player such as Amazon to generate profits (Nordhielm and Depena-Baron 2013). Market Description: The chosen market for the consumer electronics products of the company is selected to be Pakistan. Market Size: Electronics can be considered to be worlds largest industrial sector and most productive consumer market that has an annual turnover of US$ 1.5 trillion. However, Pakistan lacks suitable technology as well as expertise to establish a viable industrial base in electronics sector, since only 3%is contributed by this sector. However, the consumer electronics market is anticipated to grow at an annualized average rate of about 13.3% to $3.3 billion during the year 2016. Market Leaders: The market leaders in the consumer electronics market in Pakistan include DWP Group Pakistan, Concentration in Market: In particular, concentration in market is essentially a function of the total number of firms and their respective shares of the entire production in a market (Meffert 2013). According to the reports published by the Business Monitor International, it can be said that the market of consumer electronics items in the area of Pakistan that takes into account computing devices, diverse audio video product, televisions, and mobile handsets is proposed to be of the value that is around $ 2 billion registered during 2012. However, this is predicted to rise to 3.3 billion during the year 2016, as per a newly released report. Distribution and Industry Growth: As per reports, the growth of the customer electronics market in Pakistan is primarily driven by enhanced infrastructure in information technology and greater availability of credit. The considerable potential of the market is presently low due to the presence of a huge grey market, existence of very weak rights over IP (intellectual property), unsteady economic as well as safety conditions along with feeble channels of distribution (Baker and Saren 2016). According to reports, computers account for 17% of the market and audio-visual account for 36%. Findings Explanation of the SWOT Table: Based on the SWOT analysis and analysis of the customer electronics market in Pakistan, it can be hereby said that the development of the market essentially depends on actions to decrease the overall influx of unlawfully imported TVs along with fake brand mobile receivers. Nevertheless, it is estimated that the overall development will be driven by improved infrastructure of information technology as well as higher availability of credit (Keller and Kotler 2015). SWOT analysis helps in understanding the fact that low barriers to entry in the Pakistan market can adversely affect Amazon. In addition to this, lack of clarity on matters related to FDI might unfavourably affect the success of the company. However, expansion of the company and distribution of the customer electronics products in the market of Pakistan can be said to be aligned with the global expansion strategy of the company. In addition to this, the customer orientation strategy can also he lp the company to develop the products (Baker and Saren 2016). Recommendations Target Market: The target market for the consumer electronic items of the company Amazon can be classified based on market segmentation variables as stated below: Demographics: Particular characteristics that can be commonly utilized in demographics include age, income, race, gender, marital status, occupation as well as education (Baker and Parkinson 2016). The management of the company Amazon might possibly target the specific market of male consumers aged between 18 years and 35 years, starting the college goers to professionals. Lifestyle as well as psychographics: Lifestyle as well as psychographics can be considered to be an effective approach that can put emphasis on different shared actions, interests as well as behaviours of specific customers (Eastman et al. 2015). The management might consider studying the interests, opinions, attitudes as well as values of customers. This can help in designing the products as per the tastes as well as preferences of the customers. Geographic: The new market of Pakistan can be classified as per the size, population, density as well as different climatic factors such as traits of geographic segmentation, together with region or else location. As per the results of market analysis, it can be hereby said that this market will continue to be a hotbed of especially future demand. Unlike the markets of the developed nations in the nation, where the sales of the customer electronic items are fuelled by innovation, the success of the company in Pakistan will be based on offering maximum number of features at low cost (Baker and Parkinson 2016). In addition to this, targeting the rural market can prove to be different from that of urban market. Behaviouristic: The management of the company Amazon can consider behaviouristic strategy of segmentation based on the interests or else experience with the company or else products. Particularly, advantages sought, utilization, loyalty, and outlook or else status of customers can be considered as the common characteristics. This factor can help the management of the company to target a very broad market seeking different advantages, namely economy, routine, luxury or else status (Eastman et al. 2015). In essence, targeting novel prospects can be considered to be distinct from the way of targeting brand-loyal clienteles. New Product Description Designed for the identified target market Relevant marketing mix variables Product: the product mix need to support the mission as well as vision statement of the company and thus need to consider continued expansion as well as diversification of products. Thus, the consumer electronic items of the company now need to include not just online retail but also a variety of other items that can address the needs of the market. Price: The management of the company can focus on the pricing strategy that a corporation can use in selling the products. In particular, the management of the company can use low prices as a method of attracting customers to the e-commerce websites as well as product offerings (Keller and Kotler 2015). However, the management of the company can consider the prices of the competitors as a basis for pricing of different Amazon Basics Products. Place: The management of the company can consider the official e-commerce websites, Amazon Books (physical stores) along with others in order to reach the e-commerce consumers. The annual Amazon Services Summit organized in different locations can enable the organization to reach potential clientele in the new market (Baker and Saren 2016). Promotion: This component of the marketing mix essentially involves specific strategies as well as tactics that a corporation can utilize to communicate with the target market (Nordhielm and Depena-Baron 2013). The strategies along with tactics that can be used in promotional mix as per the e-commerce business include advertising, different sales promotion, public relations as well as direct marketing. Customer Value Proposition: Customer Value provided by your new product The features of the customer electronic items offered by the company can provide the flexibility to choose the alternative that best meets the needs of the customers. The authorised service of the company can deliver high quality services both pre and post sales by the company. The wide distribution networks and transportation facilities of the company can prove to be an effective proposition that are valued by the customers (Baker and Saren 2016). Way the new product fits with the SWOT analysis: Justification of the choice of new product using at least one strategy (S-0, W-O) The customer electronics items can fit with the SWOT analysis. The cost leadership, customer orientation strategy, strong brand equity and effective delivery network that are considered to be strengths of the firm can be properly aligned with the new product development strategy of Amazon in the new market of Pakistan. The opportunities of the company Amazon include backward integration, global expansion and introduction of physical stores. In this case, strategy of worldwide expansion is also in line with the new strategy of the company to expand in the new emerging market base of Pakistan. Thus, the delivery of high quality consumer electronic products at low prices can be said to be an effective strategy that are said to satisfy the needs of the market (as analysed using SWOT). References Amazon.com. 2017. Robot Check. [online] Available at: https://www.amazon.com [Accessed 3 Aug. 2017]. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M.J. and Parkinson, S.T., 2016.Organizational Buying Behaviour: Purchasing and Marketing Management Implications. Springer. Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Eastman, J.K., Eastman, K.L., Gleim, M.R., Lawson, S.J., Robinson, S.G., Huang, L., Moore, R.L., Moore, M.L., Shanahan, K.J., Horky, A. and Mack, B., 2015. Marketing management. Foxall, G., 2014.Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Goworek, H. and McGoldrick, P., 2015.Retail marketing management: Principles and practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Keller, K.L. and Kotler, P.T., 2015.Framework for Marketing Management. Pearson. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Ancarani, F. and Costabile, M., 2014.Marketing management 14/e. Pearson. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Brady, M., Goodman, M. and Hansen, T., 2016.Marketing management. Pearson Education Ltd.. Meffert, H., 2013.Marketing-Management: AnalyseStrategieImplementierung. Springer-Verlag. Miquel-Romero, M.J., Caplliure-Giner, E.M. and Adame-Snchez, C., 2014. Relationship marketing management: Its importance in private label extension.Journal of Business Research,67(5), pp.667-672. Nordhielm, C. and Depena-Baron, M., 2013.Marketing management: The big picture. Wiley Global Education.

My Dauther, My Trength free essay sample

My Strength I was heartbroken when I decided to leave my country seven years ago to come live with my family in the united States. My mom didnt know the main reason why I finally accepted her request. I was feeling so empty and lonely at that time that I would have say yes to anything just to run away from it. Few weeks after I came here I found out that I was pregnant, and I remember at that time being scared to death:How am I going to care for someone when I am such a mess myself? Well, as time went by, I found the strength and the courage to face my demons and fears, and most of all the focus less on myself and began to think about that little life growing inside of me. I signed up to a vocational training school and started the pharmacy technician program. We will write a custom essay sample on My Dauther, My Trength or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first day, the teacher asked me If I will be able to finish the course, I look at her and say: l am due the day before Christmas Break, so what do you think? She left me alone and never asked again. The American accent was the most difficult part of It, because back home we read and write English but the accent is not the same. So I had to work harder but I did not bother me at all because it just kept me busy. Between that, I had my little girl exactly the day we went on spring break. I remember it like it was yesterday, that day I woke up at am as usual, showered, dropped my sisters kids at school and went to class myself. And then thats when it started.At first, I felt like a little discomfort not really pain and then it as like something was pushing down. I didnt know what I was so I called my mom and she told me to rush to the hospital where she will meet me there. After that everything went so fast that before I knew It I was holding the most precious thing on earth In my hand. I looked at her and thats when I named her: Erin which means Peace In Gaelic. Thats exactly what she meant for me. Holding her for the first time brought a felling of achievement; nothing else TLD matter at that moment except her.Its crazy when you think about it but before you have children you dont really understand the love your parents have for you. But as she grows older, I know what my mom went through and love her even more for everything she did for me. Two weeks after my daughter was born, I went back to school and finish the program. I got hired in the company where I did my internship to fulfill the 180 hours for the license requirements, and as of today I am still working there but part-time only because I decided to move forward and get college degree.My daughter is now 6 years old and she inspire me every day to push myself more and more. My Druthers, My Trench By Danielson English 101 A-05 with my family in the United States. My mom didnt know the main reason why I would have say yes to anything Just to run away from it. Few weeks after I came here I technician program. The first day, the teacher asked me if I will be able to finish the you think? She left me alone and never asked again. The American accent was the most difficult part of it, because back home we read and write English but the accent s not the same.So I had to work harder but I did not bother me at all because it Just showered, dropped my sisters kids at school and went to class myself. And then everything went so fast that before I knew it I was holding the most precious thing on earth in my hand. I looked at her and thats when I named her: Erin which means Peace in Gaelic.